Best, A., Hiatt, R.A., & Norman, C.D. (2008). Knowledge Integration: Conceptualizing Communications in Cancer Control Systems. Patient Education and Counseling, 71(3), 319-327.

Format: Peer-reviewed article

Type: Research — Non-experimental

Experience level of reader: Fundamental

Annotation: This article explored the creation and use of knowledge on an individual, organizational and systems level. Three application models — linear models, relationship models, and systems models are compared, and practical implications are discussed.

Setting(s) to which the reported activities/findings are relevant: Government, University

Knowledge user(s) to whom the piece of literature may be relevant: Policy Makers, Researchers

Knowledge user level addressed by the literature: Sector

This article uses the Commercial Devices and Services version of the NtK Model

Barrier: 76% of the decision makers they surveyed cited the lack of evidence relevance to their setting as a major barrier to its use. Relevance is largely an issue of external validity, an issue that has been neglected by most scientific investigators as they strive for greater internal validity in its work.
Literature Review
Occurrence of finding within the model: KTA Step 1.C

Model: The emphasis on investigator-initiated discovery and viewing knowledge independent of its potential application has been described as Mode I science. Mode II science emphasizes problem-focused knowledge creation, where discoveries are made in the service of a larger initiative to provide solutions to social problems or create innovative products, often in collaboration with a cross-section of investigative teams.
Literature review

Tip: Such broad community engagement also necessitates involvement of the professional community in d1alogue that goes beyond traditional disciplines, roles and responsibilities towards a transdisciplinary approach to science and practice if knowledge is to be adequately moved through this complex system.
Literature review
Occurrence of finding within the model: Step 3.1, Step 1.1